Lead Agency | Funding Sources | Support Other than Funding | Target Markets | Child Care Licensing/Regulations | Who Pays CCHCs | Method Providers Access CCHCs | Training
Note: Information not available for the following states: Mississippi, Northern Mariana Islands, South Dakota
| State | Department of Public Health | Child Care Resource and Referral Agency | Other |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | YES | Alabama Department of Human Resources (ADHR) | |
| Alaska | YES | ||
| Arizona | Early Childhood Development and Health Board in partnership with the Governor's Division of School Readiness | ||
| Arkansas | Arkansas Department of Health and Human Services | ||
| California | California Childcare Health Program, UCSF School of Nursing | ||
| Colorado | YES | ||
| Connecticut | YES | ||
| Delaware | YES | ||
| District of Columbia | Office of Early Childhood Development | ||
| Florida | YES | Early Learning Coalitions (Programs differ in various locales- Pre-K program, VPre-K program, Subsidized CCR&R agencies) | |
| Georgia | YES | ||
| Guam | YES | Department of Public Health and Social Services, MCH Program, Division of Public Welfare | |
| Hawaii | Department of Human Services and Department of Health, Children with Special Health Care Needs | ||
| Idaho | YES | ||
| Illinois | Department of Human Services | ||
| Indiana | Family and Social Services Administration, Bureau of Child Care | ||
| Iowa | YES | ||
| Kansas | YES | ||
| Kentucky | YES | The Department of Education, specifically the Office of Early Childhood Development is the source of the KIDS NOW initiative, which is funding the training and services of the consultants | |
| Louisiana | YES | ||
| Maine | Division of Early Childhood, Office of Child and Family Services in the Maine Department of Health and Human Services | ||
| Maryland | Center for Maternal and Child Health | ||
| Massachusetts | YES | ||
| Michigan | Department of Community Health in partnership with Department of Human Services through interagency agreement | ||
| Minnesota | Partnership between the MN Department of Health and MN Department of Human Services--no formal lead agency for CCHCs | ||
| Missouri | YES | ||
| Montana | No statewide lead agency | ||
| Nebraska | YES | Office of Family Health | |
| Nevada | Nevada State Health Division, Bureau of Family Health Services | ||
| New Hampshire | YES | ||
| New Jersey | Department of Health and Senior Services | ||
| New Mexico | There are no active CCHCs in the state | ||
| New York | Division of Family Health, New York State Department of Health is lead agency for Child Health Specialists | ||
| North Carolina | Under the Department of Health and Human Services, the division of Public Health/Children and Youth Branch is the lead agency | ||
| North Dakota | YES | ||
| Ohio | YES | The Bureau of Early Intervention Services, a division of the Department of Health has a contract with the Ohio Child Care Resource and Referral Agency to coordinate a statewide a network of CCHC’s. | |
| Oklahoma | YES | ||
| Oregon | YES | ||
| Palau | No CCHC lead agency, Ministry of Health Lead Agency for ECCS | ||
| Pennsylvania | Pennsylvania Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics | ||
| Puerto Rico | The Department of Families | ||
| Rhode Island | The Division of Family Health, under the Department of Health | ||
| South Carolina | The Division of Women and Children’s Services, a division under the Department of Health and Environmental Control | ||
| Tennessee | DHS — Department of Human Services | ||
| Texas | Texas Health and Human Services Commission | ||
| Utah | Utah Department of Health | ||
| Vermont | Child Development Division, Department of Children and Families | ||
| Virginia | YES | ||
| Washington | YES | ||
| West Virginia | YES | ||
| Wisconsin | YES | ||
| Wyoming | Wyoming does not have a lead agency for child care health consultation |
| State | Title V | Child Care and Development Fund | Temporary Assistance for Needy Families | State Children's Health Insurance Program | Early Childhood Comprehensive Systems | Foundations | Medicaid Administration | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Alabama Department of Human Resources | |||||||
| Alaska | ECCS grant supports systems development for child care health consultation. | |||||||
| Arizona | YES | YES | YES | A private foundation provides limited support for a CCHC in the Tucson (Pima County) area. | ||||
| Arkansas | General state revenue funds | |||||||
| California | YES | First 5 until 6/06, HRSA funding CTI training through 6/07 | ||||||
| Colorado | YES | YES | The Children’s Hospital and Qualistar Early Learning (CCR&R) | |||||
| Connecticut | ECCS grant; Healthy Child Care New England Regional Collaboration | |||||||
| Delaware | YES | Robert Wood Johnson funding Covering Kids & Families, ECCS grant | ||||||
| District of Columbia | ||||||||
| Florida | YES | |||||||
| Georgia | Under development between Division of Public Health and Bright from the Start/Department of Early Care and Learning | |||||||
| Guam | No dedicated CCHC funding, CCDF funds support health and safety professional development for ECE providers | |||||||
| Hawaii | YES | |||||||
| Idaho | YES | |||||||
| Illinois | YES | Quality Child Care | ||||||
| Indiana | YES | |||||||
| Iowa | YES | YES | YES | State funds through Community Empowerment, Head Start/Early Head Start | ||||
| Kansas | YES | Title IV-E (Social Security Act, Foster Care and Adoption Assistance Program) and State General Funds | ||||||
| Kentucky | YES | The state supports CCHCs with tobacco funds, which it receives through a 20-year plan dispensing money from a settlement with tobacco companies. The state pays for 88 CCHC’s across the state | ||||||
| Louisiana | YES | ECCS and Louisiana Department of Social Services provided some funds for training. | ||||||
| Maine | YES | Maine's Early Childhood Comprehensive Systems grant | ||||||
| Maryland | YES | |||||||
| Massachusetts | YES | YES | State contributions for New England regional collaborative, Regional Child Care Initiative from the Child Care Bureau, some local communities through Community Partnerships for Children, some Child Care Resource & Referral agencies | |||||
| Michigan | YES | Medicaid funding available for children with serious emotional disturbance and who meet medical necessity criteria under Michigan's 1915 b managed care mental health speciality services and supports waiver. | ||||||
| Minnesota | YES | YES | ||||||
| Missouri | YES | YES | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) | |||||
| Montana | County block grant funds in county where CCHC is offered | |||||||
| Nebraska | No dedicated CCHC funding | |||||||
| Nevada | Varies by location | |||||||
| New Hampshire | YES | |||||||
| New Jersey | YES | YES | YES | YES | Municipal funds; CCDF funds 21 CCHC Coordinators housed in CCR&Rs | |||
| New Mexico | YES | |||||||
| New York | YES | State funding to County Health Departments that hire and deploy Child Health Specialists. Counties use their own funds to support Child Health Specialists' efforts. | ||||||
| North Carolina | YES | North Carolina Local Partnerships for Children (Smart Start) funds on the ground CCHCs. Some local health departments also contribute funding | ||||||
| North Dakota | YES | CCDF indirectly supports child care health consultation system. CCR&Rs receive some ECCS funding and foundation support (e.g., Bremer Foundation) for CCHCs. Healthy North Dakota Early Childhood Alliance also provided support funds. | ||||||
| Ohio | YES | YES | YES | Funding from the Department of Education, Part C funds from IDEA, General Revenue Funds and a federal Mental Health Transformation State Incentive Grant. | ||||
| Oklahoma | YES | YES | Oklahoma Department of Human Services funds one CCHC. | |||||
| Oregon | YES | YES | Local funds | |||||
| Palau | None | |||||||
| Pennsylvania | YES | YES | PA AAP and other private foundations and industries also support their work financially | |||||
| Puerto Rico | ||||||||
| Rhode Island | YES | Successful Start, a federally funded program, is prioritizing the development of consultation services | ||||||
| South Carolina | There is currently no funding for CCHCs | |||||||
| Tennessee | YES | YES | ||||||
| Texas | YES | |||||||
| Utah | YES | (Title V funds support a local CCHC in one jurisdiction) | ||||||
| Vermont | YES | YES | Medicaid | |||||
| Virginia | YES | |||||||
| Washington | YES | YES | Local health jurisdictions | |||||
| West Virginia | YES | |||||||
| Wisconsin | YES | Various local community funding sources | ||||||
| Wyoming | YES |
| State | Other |
|---|---|
| Alabama | ADHR and ADPH will collaborate to increase the number of Nurse Consultants |
| Alaska | |
| Arizona | ADHS has funded an annual CCHC training since 2003. Since 1988 AZDHS has funded a CCHC coordinator in Pima County who is available as a resource throughout the state. |
| Arkansas | Coordination of multiple early childhood health and education initiatives |
| California | CTI, 800 number for child care providers and CCHCs, newsletter |
| Colorado | Training workshops; requiring CCHCs for licensing; website--marketing, online training, health and safety resources |
| Connecticut | |
| Delaware | DPH supported the development of a state CCHC Organization. The HCCD website provides includes a list of CCHCs and information on how to contact them. |
| District of Columbia | |
| Florida | Local Early Learning Coalitions and Child Care Resource and Referral Agencies |
| Georgia | CCHC training for public health nurses and other individuals |
| Guam | None at this time |
| Hawaii | Training for PHNs and Pediatriticans, Resource Materials to PH jurisdictions |
| Idaho | 60-hour online course for CCHCs |
| Illinois | |
| Indiana | Website, toll-free number, office space, supplies |
| Iowa | CCNC network coordination, training, data system (encounter data), and materials support |
| Kansas | Training, regulatory |
| Kentucky | |
| Louisiana | Two and a half day training every year |
| Maine | Annual CCHC training is partly supported by a $2,000 contribution from Maine's ECCS to the Healthy Child Care New England Regional Collaborative through a cooperative agreement. |
| Maryland | |
| Massachusetts | As part of a Collaborative Agreement among the 6 Region I (New England) states, Massachusetts has agreed to support the regional coordination of the project by contributing minimum of $2,000/year for each year of SECCS grant funding, totaling three years |
| Michigan | Michigan is unique from other states in that it has focused on building an infrastructure to support CCMHC’s rather than CCHC’s. DHS has funded 16 local projects to date. |
| Minnesota | |
| Missouri | Annual statewide training and resources |
| Montana | |
| Nebraska | CCHC training, child care provider training, connect CCHCs and providers, evaluate capacity in urban areas, provide TA to local health departments |
| Nevada | |
| New Hampshire | |
| New Jersey | Early Childhood Health Link Newsletter; Support from CCHC Coordinators |
| New Mexico | |
| New York | State child care regulator agency supports a separate system of health consultats that providers are mandated to use by regulation. This system predated Healthy Child Care America and exists in addition to the Child Health Specialist network. |
| North Carolina | North Carolina Child Care Health & Safety Resource Center; Providing a state level health consultant |
| North Dakota | Provides a state-level nurse consultant (North Dakota Department of Health) |
| Ohio | Coordination with community based programs |
| Oklahoma | Training twice a year |
| Oregon | |
| Palau | No support provided |
| Pennsylvania | |
| Puerto Rico | The Department of Health sent employees to attend the National Training Insitute training along with Department of Families staff. |
| Rhode Island | Health Consultation Training Collaborative Cooperative Agreement--Rhode Island is part of this agreement among Region I states, and has agreed to contribute a minimum of $1,500 to cover costs of one annual training in the state |
| South Carolina | |
| Tennessee | |
| Texas | State provides training, listserv, website, brochures, resources |
| Utah | State Health and Safety Course for ECE providers |
| Vermont | Child Development Division, Department of Children and Families |
| Virginia | Training and training materials, quarterly newsletter, change in licensing standards to include CCHCs |
| Washington | Contracts with a number of individuals/organizations to provide support to HCCW and ECCS |
| West Virginia | |
| Wisconsin | ECCS held retreat for leaders in health care, child care, regulatory, academic and learning standards. Goal was to establish sustainable working relationship between child care & health care providers. |
| Wyoming | Incentives for using CCHCs are included in licensing procedures |
| State | CCHCs | Out-of-home care providers | Physicians | Families | Legislators |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | YES | ||||
| Alaska | |||||
| Arizona | |||||
| Arkansas | |||||
| California | |||||
| Colorado | YES | YES | |||
| Connecticut | YES | YES | |||
| Delaware | YES | ||||
| District of Columbia | |||||
| Florida | |||||
| Georgia | YES | ||||
| Guam | |||||
| Hawaii | YES | ||||
| Idaho | YES | ||||
| Illinois | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Indiana | YES | YES | YES | YES | |
| Iowa | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Kansas | YES | ||||
| Kentucky | YES | ||||
| Louisiana | YES | YES | |||
| Maine | YES | ||||
| Maryland | YES | ||||
| Massachusetts | |||||
| Michigan | YES | YES | |||
| Minnesota | YES | ||||
| Missouri | YES | YES | |||
| Montana | YES | ||||
| Nebraska | |||||
| Nevada | |||||
| New Hampshire | YES | YES | |||
| New Jersey | YES | YES | YES | YES | |
| New Mexico | |||||
| New York | YES | YES | |||
| North Carolina | YES | ||||
| North Dakota | YES | ||||
| Ohio | YES | YES | YES | ||
| Oklahoma | YES | ||||
| Oregon | YES | ||||
| Palau | |||||
| Pennsylvania | YES | YES | YES | ||
| Puerto Rico | |||||
| Rhode Island | YES | YES | |||
| South Carolina | |||||
| Tennessee | YES | ||||
| Texas | YES | YES | YES | YES | |
| Utah | |||||
| Vermont | YES | YES | YES | ||
| Virginia | YES | YES | YES | ||
| Washington | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| West Virginia | |||||
| Wisconsin | YES | YES | YES | ||
| Wyoming | YES |
| State | Require/mandate health consultation for these categories of licensed facilities | Child Care Licensing/ Regulations Define Scope of Work | Licensing/ Regulations Define Who May Provide Health Consultation | Quality Rating System | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All Categories | Some Categories | Includes CCHCs | CCHCs not specified | Includes CCHC services | CCHC services not specified | ||
| Alabama | |||||||
| Alaska | |||||||
| Arizona | |||||||
| Arkansas | |||||||
| California | YES | YES | |||||
| Colorado | YES | YES | YES | YES | |||
| Connecticut | YES | YES | YES | ||||
| Delaware | YES | YES | YES | ||||
| District of Columbia | |||||||
| Florida | YES | YES | YES | ||||
| Georgia | |||||||
| Guam | |||||||
| Hawaii | YES | YES | |||||
| Idaho | |||||||
| Illinois | YES | ||||||
| Indiana | YES | YES | YES | ||||
| Iowa | YES | YES | YES | YES | |||
| Kansas | YES | YES | |||||
| Kentucky | YES | YES | |||||
| Louisiana | YES | YES | |||||
| Maine | YES | YES | |||||
| Maryland | YES | YES | |||||
| Massachusetts | YES | YES | YES | ||||
| Michigan | |||||||
| Minnesota | YES | YES | YES | ||||
| Missouri | |||||||
| Montana | YES | ||||||
| Nebraska | YES | ||||||
| Nevada | YES | YES | |||||
| New Hampshire | |||||||
| New Jersey | YES | YES | YES | ||||
| New Mexico | |||||||
| New York | |||||||
| North Carolina | YES | YES | |||||
| North Dakota | |||||||
| Ohio | YES | ||||||
| Oklahoma | YES | YES | YES | YES | |||
| Oregon | |||||||
| Palau | |||||||
| Pennsylvania | |||||||
| Puerto Rico | |||||||
| Rhode Island | YES | YES | |||||
| South Carolina | |||||||
| Tennessee | YES | ||||||
| Texas | |||||||
| Utah | |||||||
| Vermont | |||||||
| Virginia | YES | ||||||
| Washington | YES | YES | YES | ||||
| West Virginia | YES | YES | |||||
| Wisconsin | YES | YES | YES | ||||
| Wyoming | |||||||
| State | State Department of Health | Other State department | Local/county health department | Child Care Resource and Referral Agency | Other community organization | Release time from employers/pro bono work | Fees paid by child care providers | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | YES | Department of Human Resources through a Healthy Childcare Alabama grant given to DPH | ||||||
| Alaska | ||||||||
| Arizona | Varies by county. Some CCHCs working under auspices of local health departments, school districts, Head Start, etc. With the exception of Pima County CCHCs not a dedicated position. | |||||||
| Arkansas | General state revenue funds | |||||||
| California | Varies by county, local health jurisdictions, local First 5 jurisdictions | |||||||
| Colorado | YES | |||||||
| Connecticut | YES | YES | ||||||
| Delaware | YES | YES | ||||||
| District of Columbia | YES | YES | ||||||
| Florida | YES | Early Learning Coalitions | ||||||
| Georgia | ||||||||
| Guam | No payment mechanism in place | |||||||
| Hawaii | YES | |||||||
| Idaho | YES | |||||||
| Illinois | State Department of Human Services through local health departments | |||||||
| Indiana | YES | (Family and Social Services Administration, Bureau of Child Care) | ||||||
| Iowa | YES | YES | Head Start/Early Head Start | |||||
| Kansas | YES | |||||||
| Kentucky | YES | Funds for CCHCs come from the Office of Early Childhood Development | ||||||
| Louisiana | YES | YES | YES | |||||
| Maine | YES | Most CCHCs in Maine provide their services on a pro bono basis. | ||||||
| Maryland | Currently piloting CCHCs in three jurisdictions using local health department nurses who are giving time in-kind for the year-long pilot. | |||||||
| Massachusetts | YES | YES | YES | A few CCHCs are hired by local Community Partnership for Children collaboratives and CCR&Rs using funds from the Department of Early Education and Care | ||||
| Michigan | Child Care Expulsion Prevention projects | |||||||
| Minnesota | YES | Contracts between LHJs and child care providers | ||||||
| Missouri | YES | CDC, CCDF, local public health agencies (in collaboration with State DPH) | ||||||
| Montana | One local health jurisdiction uses county block grant funds | |||||||
| Nebraska | YES | Varies | ||||||
| Nevada | ||||||||
| New Hampshire | YES | |||||||
| New Jersey | YES | YES | Local public health departments | |||||
| New Mexico | ||||||||
| New York | County Health Departments employ and pay Child Health Specialists | |||||||
| North Carolina | YES | YES | North Carolina Local Partnerships for Children | |||||
| North Dakota | YES | |||||||
| Ohio | YES | Ohio Department of Health has a contract with OCCRRA; OCCRRA has a contract with partner agencies; CCHCs are employed by a partner agency. | ||||||
| Oklahoma | YES | YES | ||||||
| Oregon | Local lead agencies as pass-through funds (i.e., local health jurisdictions or CCR&Rs) | |||||||
| Palau | ||||||||
| Pennsylvania | YES | YES | ||||||
| Puerto Rico | ||||||||
| Rhode Island | YES | YES | ||||||
| South Carolina | ||||||||
| Tennessee | YES | |||||||
| Texas | YES | YES | CCHCs carry out duties as part of an existing job | |||||
| Utah | ||||||||
| Vermont | YES | YES | Office of Vermont Health Access (Medicaid) | |||||
| Virginia | YES | YES | Provider fees braided with Title V funds | |||||
| Washington | Local health jurisdictions | |||||||
| West Virginia | YES | CCHCs are volunteers | ||||||
| Wisconsin | YES | Local funding such as United Way | ||||||
| Wyoming | Some local health jurisdictions allow PHNs to provide CCHC services |
| State | Web | Child Care Resource and Referral Agency | Lead agency | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | ADHR gives the licensed facilities information on trainings, licensed facilities contact appropriate CCHC. Access is also through Childcare Management Agency | |||
| Alaska | ||||
| Arizona | Varies by county | |||
| Arkansas | YES | YES | ||
| California | No state system, varies by county | |||
| Colorado | YES | YES | Directly through e-mail addresses on www.qualistar.org | |
| Connecticut | YES | word of mouth | ||
| Delaware | YES | YES | Direct marketing, Office of Child Care Licensing | |
| District of Columbia | ||||
| Florida | YES | |||
| Georgia | YES | |||
| Guam | YES | |||
| Hawaii | YES | |||
| Idaho | YES | |||
| Illinois | YES | YES | Local health departments | |
| Indiana | YES | YES | YES | Indiana AEYC; state licensing regulators; toll-free number; workshops and conferences |
| Iowa | YES | YES | YES | Healthy Families Line: (800) 369-2229; local MCH agencies; CCHCs directly |
| Kansas | YES | Local health departments | ||
| Kentucky | YES | CCHCs do outreach in their local communities | ||
| Louisiana | YES | YES | Directly contact them | |
| Maine | word of mouth | |||
| Maryland | YES | YES | ||
| Massachusetts | YES | YES | YES | Informal channels and networks |
| Michigan | YES | Child Care Expulsion Prevention projects | ||
| Minnesota | YES | LHJs, nonprofit organizations | ||
| Missouri | YES | YES | YES | Local public health agencies |
| Montana | No state system to link providers with CCHCs | |||
| Nebraska | YES | |||
| Nevada | ||||
| New Hampshire | YES | |||
| New Jersey | YES | Local public health departments | ||
| New Mexico | ||||
| New York | YES | YES | County Health Departments | |
| North Carolina | YES | YES | Newsletter; Resource Center | |
| North Dakota | YES | |||
| Ohio | YES | YES | YES | Lead agency's subcontractors and the state's Bureau of Child Care and Development promote CCHC service through different channels. |
| Oklahoma | YES | YES | Warmline for Oklahoma Child Care Providers, (888) 574-5437 | |
| Oregon | YES | |||
| Palau | They call the Ministry of Health if they have a need for consultation | |||
| Pennsylvania | YES | |||
| Puerto Rico | ||||
| Rhode Island | ||||
| South Carolina | ||||
| Tennessee | YES | |||
| Texas | YES | YES | YES | Contact info: e-mail and phone is on HCCT website |
| Utah | No state system to link providers with CCHCs | |||
| Vermont | YES | Child Development Division mailings, orientations, and licensors | ||
| Virginia | By calling a central phone number, providers can ask for CCHCs in their area. | |||
| Washington | YES | YES | YES | Local health jurisdictions, licensors |
| West Virginia | ||||
| Wisconsin | YES | Outreach by CCHCs | ||
| Wyoming | Wyoming does not have a state system to link providers to CCHCs |
| State | Caring for children who are ill or temporarily disabled | Caring for children who are maltreated | Children with special health care needs | Consultation skills | Environmental health | Infectious diseases | Injury prevention | Mental health in the child care setting: supporting social & emotional development | Nutrition and physical activity | Oral health | Quality in child care | Staff health | Training and facilitation skills |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Alaska | |||||||||||||
| Arizona | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Arkansas | |||||||||||||
| California | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Colorado | YES | ||||||||||||
| Connecticut | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Delaware | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | ||
| District of Columbia | |||||||||||||
| Florida | |||||||||||||
| Georgia | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | |
| Guam | |||||||||||||
| Hawaii | |||||||||||||
| Idaho | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Illinois | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Indiana | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Iowa | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Kansas | |||||||||||||
| Kentucky | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Louisiana | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | ||||
| Maine | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | |
| Maryland | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Massachusetts | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | |||||
| Michigan | YES | ||||||||||||
| Minnesota | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | |
| Missouri | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | |
| Montana | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | |||||
| Nebraska | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | |||
| Nevada | YES | YES | |||||||||||
| New Hampshire | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | ||||
| New Jersey | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| New Mexico | |||||||||||||
| New York | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | |
| North Carolina |